![]() Entropy and probabilistic cyclicityIt's not sleep, nor the gloomy thought of the workday ahead, that makes us take it for granted that once joined, coffee and milk are inseparable. We know, even in the afternoon, that once poured, amen, it's gone. There's no going back. No one can give us back the coffee and milk we shared before. But the worst thing, which not even theoretical physicists in pajamas notice, is that following that simple act of pouring coffee into the cup with the hot milk, we increase the entropy of the entire universe. There's no need to worry, of course; it's not serious, but it's true! Since its discovery, the Second Law of Thermodynamics has established the existence of entropy as a function capable of quantifying irreversible processes and the disorder to which such processes tend, physically formalizing the fundamental principles of cause and effect and irreversibility. And the story of the latte is precisely one of the countless typical examples of the irreversibility we live with daily, and which gives meaning to our universe. Cause, effect, and irreversibility are, in fact, the three words that best describe the one-way nature of the reality around us, where everything seems to always be oriented in a precise direction, where causes always precede effects, and time always flows in a single direction. But are we really sure that this is always the case?
For example, if we take two closed chambers, one containing a certain amount of hydrogen and the other empty, and place them in contact with a thin tube, a certain ![]() And what about time, then? Could it be that, even in the case of time, there is a privileged direction simply because it is much more probable than the opposite? Perhaps, from our lazy human perspective, we take too many things for granted, when perhaps not even the existence of time itself is a given, but merely an illusion of us poor three-dimensional beings with extremely limited perspectives. The Universe, ever since we began to examine it from a quantum perspective, has continually told us that it is not exactly as we see it and believe it to be—quite the opposite! We still have a long way to go before we understand the intimate nature of Existence!
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