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Atractosteous sp. (4) - vertebra

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Description

fossil vertebra of alligator garfish, mm 12 x 16 x 16.

The garfish or needle fish, are an important example of a living fossil, living in the waters of North America for the last 50 million years, unchanged since the time who lived in the prehistoric swamps. They are pelagic fish long and thin, sometimes up to one meter in length and over 200 kg, with a snout just as long, hard diamond-shaped scales that form a rigid frame, a rounded caudal fin, and dorsal and anal fins are set back. It is a freshwater fish that lay adhesive eggs in shallow water. It feeds on insects and fish.
They live in slow water, lagoons, rivers, swamps and lakes. All garfish have a swim bladder that acts like a primitive lung. This allows them to breathe air out of the water and live in poorly oxygenated waters. Remains of needle fish fossils are known from the Cretaceous period, about 110 million years ago. Their fossils scales are all over Florida. Good examples are those that come from the Pliocene deposits of the county of Sarasota, Florida, dating back 2-3 million years ago.Some species known are Atractosteus lapidosteus (which may be the same kind of species still living, Atractosteus spatula) and Lepisosteus osseus.

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